Umar II, also known as Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, was the eighth caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 717 to 720 CE. He is often remembered for his efforts to promote justice and equality within the Islamic empire. Umar II implemented various reforms, including the fair distribution of wealth and the improvement of social welfare. His reign is noted for its emphasis on Islamic principles and governance. Umar II sought to reduce corruption and enhance the moral integrity of the administration. His policies aimed to integrate non-Arab Muslims into the community, fostering a sense of unity within the diverse empire.