Ukrainian Jews are a significant ethnic and cultural group in Ukraine, with a history that dates back to the medieval period. They have contributed to various aspects of Ukrainian society, including commerce, arts, and politics. The Jewish population in Ukraine has faced challenges, particularly during the Holocaust, when many were persecuted and killed. Today, the Jewish community in Ukraine is diverse, with both long-established families and newer immigrants. Major cities like Kyiv and Odesa have active Jewish organizations and cultural institutions, reflecting the community's resilience and ongoing contributions to Ukrainian life.