The Ubaid period is an archaeological era in ancient Mesopotamia, spanning from approximately 6500 to 3800 BCE. It is named after the site of Ubaid, located in modern-day Iraq. This period is characterized by the development of early agricultural communities, the establishment of settlements, and the emergence of complex societies. During the Ubaid period, people began to create distinctive pottery, including painted and plain wares. The period also saw advancements in architecture, with the construction of mud-brick houses and temples, laying the groundwork for future civilizations like the Sumerians.