The Ubaid Culture emerged in southern Mesopotamia around 5000 BCE and is considered a precursor to the later Sumerian civilization. It is characterized by the development of agriculture, pottery, and the establishment of permanent settlements. The culture is named after the archaeological site of Ubaid, where distinctive pottery and artifacts were first discovered. Ubaid society saw advancements in social organization and trade, with evidence of interactions with neighboring regions. The culture is notable for its unique pottery styles, including painted and plain wares, and the construction of large, multi-roomed buildings, which indicate a shift towards more complex societal structures.