The USSR, or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a federal socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991. It was made up of multiple republics, with Russia being the largest and most influential. The USSR was known for its centralized government and planned economy, which aimed to eliminate private property and promote collective ownership. During its existence, the USSR played a significant role in global politics, especially during the Cold War against the United States. It was a major player in the space race, launching the first human-made satellite, Sputnik, in 1957. The USSR ultimately dissolved in 1991, leading to the independence of its republics.