The U.S. electoral process involves several steps to elect officials at local, state, and federal levels. Elections are held on specific dates, with major elections occurring every four years for the presidency and every two years for Congress. Voters cast their ballots for candidates from various political parties, and the results determine who will hold office. Primaries and caucuses are held to select party nominees, followed by a general election where the final candidates compete. The Electoral College plays a crucial role in presidential elections, as it formally elects the president based on the popular vote in each state.