The U.S. Census is a nationwide survey conducted every ten years to count the population of the United States. It collects important demographic information, such as age, sex, race, and household size. This data helps the government allocate resources, plan for public services, and determine representation in Congress. The first U.S. Census was conducted in 1790, and it has evolved over the years to include more detailed questions. The information gathered is crucial for understanding population trends and making informed decisions at local, state, and federal levels. Participation in the census is required by law.