The Tyrone Rebellion was a conflict that took place in Ireland from 1594 to 1603. It was led by Hugh O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone, who sought to resist English rule and protect Irish lands and culture. The rebellion was fueled by grievances against English policies and the encroachment of English settlers in Ireland. The conflict culminated in several battles, including the notable Battle of Kinsale in 1601, where O'Neill's forces faced a significant defeat. Ultimately, the rebellion ended with the Flight of the Earls in 1607, leading to the decline of Gaelic nobility and increased English control over Ireland.