Firearms are categorized into two main types: handguns and long guns. Handguns, such as revolvers and semi-automatic pistols, are designed for one-handed use and are often carried for personal defense. Long guns, which include rifles and shotguns, are typically fired from the shoulder and are used for hunting, sport shooting, and military applications. Within these categories, firearms can be further classified by their action type. Common action types include bolt-action, lever-action, and semi-automatic. Each type has distinct mechanisms for loading and firing ammunition, affecting their performance and suitability for various purposes.