Type Erasure is a concept in programming, particularly in languages like Java and C#, where type information is not retained at runtime. This means that generic types, which allow for code to be written without specifying exact data types, lose their specific type details when the program is compiled. As a result, the program can operate on different data types without needing to know their specifics during execution. This approach simplifies the implementation of generics, allowing for more flexible and reusable code. However, it can also lead to challenges, such as the inability to perform certain type checks at runtime, which may result in runtime errors if not handled carefully.