The Turkish Penal Code is the legal framework that defines criminal offenses and penalties in Turkey. Established in 2004, it replaced the previous code from 1926 and aims to modernize the legal system, ensuring justice and protecting individual rights. The code covers various crimes, including theft, assault, and fraud, and outlines the corresponding punishments. The code emphasizes principles such as legality, proportionality, and the presumption of innocence. It also includes provisions for mitigating circumstances and alternative sentences, reflecting a more rehabilitative approach to criminal justice. Overall, the Turkish Penal Code plays a crucial role in maintaining law and order in the country.