Turing refers to Alan Turing, a British mathematician and computer scientist who is considered one of the fathers of computer science. He developed the concept of the Turing machine, a theoretical model that helps understand the limits of what can be computed. Turing's work laid the foundation for modern computing and artificial intelligence. In addition to his contributions to computer science, Turing played a crucial role during World War II by breaking the Enigma code, which was used by the German military. His efforts significantly aided the Allied forces and shortened the war, showcasing the practical applications of his theoretical work.