Tumor suppressor proteins are essential components of the body's defense against cancer. They help regulate cell growth and division, ensuring that cells do not multiply uncontrollably. When these proteins function properly, they can repair damaged DNA or trigger cell death in abnormal cells, preventing the development of tumors. When tumor suppressor proteins are mutated or dysfunctional, their protective effects are lost, leading to increased risk of cancer. One well-known example is the p53 protein, which plays a critical role in monitoring cell health and responding to DNA damage. Loss of p53 function is commonly associated with various types of cancer.