A tropical reef is a vibrant underwater ecosystem found in warm, shallow waters, typically near the equator. These reefs are primarily made up of coral, which are small marine animals that build hard structures from calcium carbonate. Tropical reefs support a diverse range of marine life, including fish, invertebrates, and plants, making them one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth. Tropical reefs play a crucial role in maintaining marine biodiversity and providing habitat for many species. They also protect coastlines from erosion and contribute to local economies through fishing and tourism. However, these ecosystems face threats from climate change, pollution, and overfishing, making their conservation essential.