Trophic relationships describe how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems. They illustrate the feeding connections between different organisms, categorized into levels known as trophic levels. The primary producers, like plants, convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain. Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, occupy higher trophic levels by feeding on producers or other consumers. Decomposers, like fungi and bacteria, break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil and completing the cycle. Understanding these relationships helps us grasp the balance of ecosystems and the importance of each organism.