The Treaty of Petrópolis was signed on November 1, 1903, between Brazil and Bolivia. This agreement aimed to resolve territorial disputes in the region of Mato Grosso and resulted in Brazil acquiring the territory of Acre. In exchange, Bolivia received financial compensation and a commitment from Brazil to build a road connecting Acre to the rest of Bolivia. The treaty was significant in shaping the borders of both countries and facilitated the rubber trade in the Amazon region. It marked a crucial moment in Bolivia's history, as it lost a substantial portion of its territory but gained infrastructure development support from Brazil.