The Treaty of Berwick was signed in 1560 between representatives of the Kingdom of England and the Scottish Protestant lords. This agreement aimed to establish a mutual defense against the influence of Mary, Queen of Scots and the Catholic Church in Scotland. It marked a significant step in the English support for the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. The treaty also led to the withdrawal of French troops from Scotland, who had been supporting Mary’s claim to the Scottish throne. By securing Protestant control, the treaty helped to shape the future political landscape of both Scotland and England during a time of religious conflict.