Transmission media refers to the physical pathways that carry data from one point to another in a communication system. These media can be classified into two main categories: guided and unguided. Guided media includes cables like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic, which direct the signal along a specific path. Unguided media, on the other hand, involves wireless transmission methods, such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared signals, which transmit data through the air. The choice of transmission media affects the speed, distance, and quality of the communication. For instance, fiber optic cables offer high-speed data transfer over long distances with minimal signal loss, while twisted pair cables are commonly used for shorter distances in local area networks. Understanding the characteristics of different transmission media helps in selecting the appropriate technology for specific communication needs.