Transleithania was the name given to the part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that included the Kingdom of Hungary and its territories. It was established after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which created a dual monarchy. Transleithania operated with a significant degree of autonomy, having its own parliament and government, while still being part of the larger empire. The term "Transleithania" specifically refers to the regions located to the east of the Leitha River, which served as a geographical boundary. This area was characterized by a diverse population, including various ethnic groups such as Hungarians, Slovaks, and Romanians, each contributing to the rich cultural tapestry of the region.