Transcriptional regulation is the process by which cells control the expression of genes. This involves various proteins, known as transcription factors, that bind to specific regions of DNA to either promote or inhibit the transcription of genes into messenger RNA (mRNA). By regulating mRNA production, cells can determine which proteins are made and in what quantities, allowing them to respond to changes in their environment. This regulation is crucial for many biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, and responses to external signals. Factors such as enhancers, silencers, and promoters play significant roles in this process, ensuring that genes are expressed at the right time and place within an organism.