A transcription factor is a protein that helps regulate the expression of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA. These proteins can either promote or inhibit the transcription process, which is the first step in converting DNA into RNA. By controlling gene expression, transcription factors play a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and response to environmental signals. Transcription factors recognize specific sequences of DNA, often located in the promoter region of a gene. They work in conjunction with other proteins and molecules, such as RNA polymerase, to initiate or suppress the transcription of genes. This regulation is essential for maintaining proper cellular function and responding to changes in the environment.