Traditional Arabic music is characterized by its unique scales, known as maqamat, which create distinct melodies and moods. Instruments commonly used include the oud, a stringed instrument similar to a lute, and the qanun, a zither-like instrument. This music often features complex rhythms and improvisation, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the Arab world. Vocal styles in traditional Arabic music can vary widely, with singers often employing techniques like melisma, where a single syllable is sung over several notes. The music is deeply intertwined with poetry, as lyrics often draw from themes of love, nature, and spirituality, showcasing the expressive nature of the Arabic language.