Track components are the essential parts that make up a railway track system. These include the rails, ties (or sleepers), and ballast. The rails are the steel bars that trains run on, while the ties support the rails and keep them spaced correctly. The ballast is the crushed stone or gravel that provides stability and drainage for the track. In addition to these main components, there are also fasteners that secure the rails to the ties and switches that allow trains to change tracks. Proper maintenance of these components is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient train operations.