Topical anesthetics are medications applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes to numb a specific area. They work by blocking nerve signals in the targeted region, providing temporary pain relief. Common forms include creams, gels, and sprays, often used before minor medical procedures or to alleviate discomfort from conditions like sunburn or insect bites. These anesthetics typically contain active ingredients such as lidocaine or benzocaine. They are generally safe when used as directed, but it's important to follow dosage instructions to avoid potential side effects, such as skin irritation or allergic reactions. Always consult a healthcare professional if unsure about their use.