Thyroid neoplasms are abnormal growths in the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Common types of thyroid neoplasms include papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like ultrasound and a biopsy to determine the nature of the growth. Treatment options vary based on the type and stage of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, or hormone replacement therapy. Regular monitoring is essential for managing thyroid neoplasms.