Thomas Kuhn was an American philosopher of science, best known for his influential book, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," published in 1962. In this work, he introduced the concept of paradigm shifts, which describes how scientific progress occurs not through a linear accumulation of knowledge, but through revolutionary changes in the underlying frameworks that guide scientific inquiry. Kuhn argued that scientists operate within specific paradigms that define their research and understanding of the world. When anomalies arise that cannot be explained by the current paradigm, a crisis occurs, leading to a shift to a new paradigm. This process reshapes the scientific landscape and alters how knowledge is perceived and pursued.