Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet known for his depictions of rural life in the late 19th century. His novels often explore themes of fate, social constraints, and the struggles of individuals against their environment. Notable works include Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, which highlight the challenges faced by their protagonists in a changing society. Hardy's writing is characterized by rich descriptions of the English countryside and a deep understanding of human emotions. His stories frequently feature tragic elements, reflecting his belief in the harsh realities of life. Through his characters, Hardy critiques societal norms and the limitations imposed by class and gender.