Thermoplasmatales is an order of archaea, a group of single-celled microorganisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes. These organisms thrive in extreme environments, such as hot springs and acidic conditions, where they play a crucial role in the ecosystem by breaking down organic matter. Members of the Thermoplasmatales order are known for their unique adaptations, including the absence of a cell wall, which allows them to survive in harsh conditions. They are often studied for their potential applications in biotechnology and understanding extremophiles, organisms that can withstand extreme temperatures and pH levels.