Thermal regulation is the process by which living organisms maintain their internal body temperature within a certain range, despite external temperature changes. This is crucial for proper physiological functioning, as enzymes and metabolic processes are sensitive to temperature variations. Organisms can be classified as endotherms, which generate heat internally, or ectotherms, which rely on external sources for heat. In humans and many other mammals, thermal regulation involves mechanisms such as sweating, shivering, and altering blood flow to the skin. The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, plays a key role in detecting temperature changes and initiating appropriate responses to maintain homeostasis.