Thermal processes refer to the methods by which heat energy is transferred or transformed in various systems. These processes can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. For example, in conduction, heat moves through materials like metals, while convection involves the movement of fluids, such as air or water, carrying heat with them. In many applications, thermal processes are essential for energy efficiency and temperature control. They play a crucial role in everyday activities, such as cooking food or heating buildings. Understanding these processes helps in designing better systems for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) and improving industrial operations.