Thermal load refers to the amount of heat energy that needs to be added or removed from a space to maintain a desired temperature. This concept is crucial in fields like heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), where understanding thermal load helps in designing efficient systems. Factors influencing thermal load include outdoor temperature, insulation quality, and the number of occupants in a building. Calculating thermal load involves assessing both the heat gained from external sources, such as sunlight and appliances, and the heat lost through walls, windows, and ventilation. Properly managing thermal load ensures comfort and energy efficiency, reducing costs and environmental impact.