Thermal dynamics is the branch of physics that studies the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy. It focuses on how energy is transferred and transformed in physical systems, often involving the laws of thermodynamics. These laws describe how energy moves and changes form, influencing everything from engines to refrigerators. One key concept in thermal dynamics is the idea of entropy, which measures the disorder or randomness in a system. As energy is transformed, entropy tends to increase, indicating that systems naturally progress towards a state of greater disorder. Understanding these principles is essential for various applications in engineering and science.