"The Problem of Pain" refers to the philosophical and theological dilemma regarding the existence of suffering in a world created by an all-powerful, all-knowing, and benevolent deity. It questions how pain and suffering can coexist with a loving God, often leading to discussions about free will, the nature of good and evil, and the purpose of human existence. This issue has been explored by various thinkers, including C.S. Lewis, who wrote a book titled "The Problem of Pain." He argued that pain can serve a purpose, such as fostering personal growth and empathy, and that it may be a necessary aspect of a meaningful life.