The Ottoman Empire was a vast and powerful state that existed from the late 13th century until the early 20th century. Founded by Osman I, it expanded across three continents, including parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The empire was known for its rich culture, architecture, and significant contributions to art and science. At its height, the Ottoman Empire controlled key trade routes and major cities, including Istanbul, which was formerly known as Constantinople. The empire was a major political and military force until its decline in the 19th century, ultimately leading to its dissolution after World War I.