"The Critique of Pure Reason" is a foundational philosophical work by Immanuel Kant, published in 1781. In this book, Kant explores the relationship between human experience and knowledge, arguing that our understanding of the world is shaped by both sensory experiences and innate concepts. He distinguishes between a priori knowledge, which is independent of experience, and a posteriori knowledge, which is derived from experience. Kant introduces the idea of the "transcendental" approach, examining how our perceptions and cognitive faculties influence our understanding of reality. He aims to resolve conflicts between rationalism and empiricism, ultimately asserting that while we can know things as they appear to us, the true nature of things remains beyond our grasp.