"The Black Ship" refers to the name given to the American warships that arrived in Japan in 1853, led by Commodore Matthew Perry. This event marked the beginning of Japan's opening to the West after over two centuries of self-imposed isolation. The ships were black-hulled, which contributed to the name. The arrival of "The Black Ship" prompted the signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, which established diplomatic relations between Japan and the United States. This treaty allowed for trade and marked a significant shift in Japan's foreign policy, leading to increased interaction with Western nations.