Texture packs are collections of files that change the appearance of surfaces and objects in video games, particularly in games like Minecraft. They modify the game's graphics by replacing the default textures with new ones, allowing players to customize their visual experience. These packs can enhance realism, create a specific theme, or add artistic flair. Players can download and install various texture packs to suit their preferences, making the game more visually appealing or aligned with their personal style.