The Teutonic Wars refer to a series of military conflicts involving the Teutonic Knights, a medieval Catholic military order, primarily against the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These wars took place from the late 13th century to the early 16th century, as the Knights sought to expand their territory and convert the pagan populations of the Baltic region to Christianity. One of the most significant battles during these conflicts was the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, where a coalition of Polish and Lithuanian forces defeated the Teutonic Knights. The wars ultimately contributed to the decline of the Knights' power and the rise of Polish-Lithuanian influence in Eastern Europe.