Testing and certification are processes used to evaluate products, services, or systems to ensure they meet specific standards and requirements. Testing involves assessing the performance, safety, and quality of an item through various methods, such as inspections or trials. Certification is the formal recognition that a product or service complies with established standards, often provided by an independent organization. These processes are crucial in many industries, including electronics, healthcare, and construction, to ensure consumer safety and product reliability. Organizations like ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and ANSI (American National Standards Institute) play significant roles in developing and overseeing these standards.