Testing and calibration are essential processes used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of instruments and equipment. Testing involves evaluating a device's performance against established standards or specifications. This helps identify any discrepancies or faults that may affect its functionality. Calibration, on the other hand, is the process of adjusting an instrument to align its measurements with a known standard. This ensures that the readings are accurate and consistent over time. Both testing and calibration are crucial in fields such as manufacturing, healthcare, and scientific research to maintain quality and safety.