Tenmu was the 40th emperor of Japan, reigning from 673 to 686 AD. He is known for his efforts to consolidate power and promote the central government. His reign marked a significant period in the development of the Japanese state, as he implemented various reforms to strengthen imperial authority. During his rule, Tenmu established the first official historical records, including the Nihon Shoki, which documented Japan's history and mythology. He also promoted Buddhism and supported the construction of temples, contributing to the cultural and religious landscape of Japan during the early Nara period.