TLR1, or Toll-like receptor 1, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is part of a family of receptors that help the body recognize pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. TLR1 works by detecting specific molecules found on the surface of these pathogens, triggering an immune response to help protect the body from infections. This receptor is often found on the surface of immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. When TLR1 binds to its target, it activates signaling pathways that lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines, which are essential for coordinating the immune response. Understanding TLR1 is important for developing new treatments for infections and autoimmune diseases.