T12 refers to the twelfth thoracic vertebra in the human spine, located in the middle back region. It is part of the thoracic spine, which consists of twelve vertebrae labeled T1 to T12. The T12 vertebra plays a crucial role in supporting the rib cage and protecting the spinal cord while allowing for some flexibility and movement. This vertebra connects to the lumbar spine at L1, marking the transition between the thoracic and lumbar regions. The T12 vertebra is significant for its role in weight-bearing and stability, as it helps support the upper body's weight and facilitates various movements, such as bending and twisting.