Symmetrical Components is a mathematical technique used in electrical engineering to analyze unbalanced three-phase systems. It breaks down complex phase currents and voltages into three simpler components: positive, negative, and zero sequences. This simplification helps engineers understand and solve issues in power systems more effectively. The positive sequence represents balanced conditions, while the negative sequence indicates imbalances, often caused by faults or asymmetrical loads. The zero sequence reflects the common mode of the system. By using symmetrical components, engineers can design better protection schemes and improve the reliability of electrical networks.