Surgical complications are unexpected problems that can occur during or after a surgical procedure. These complications can include infections, excessive bleeding, or adverse reactions to anesthesia. They may lead to longer recovery times or additional medical interventions, impacting the overall success of the surgery. Patients are often monitored closely for signs of complications, which can vary based on the type of surgery and the individual's health. Common risk factors include age, pre-existing medical conditions, and smoking. Understanding these risks can help patients make informed decisions and prepare for potential outcomes related to their surgery.