A surge tank is a small reservoir located near a dam or water pipeline. Its primary purpose is to absorb sudden changes in water pressure, which can occur due to rapid changes in flow, such as when a valve is opened or closed. By providing a space for excess water to flow into, surge tanks help prevent damage to the pipeline and associated structures. These tanks are essential in hydraulic systems, especially in hydroelectric power plants. They ensure stable operation by reducing the risk of water hammer, a phenomenon that can cause significant wear and tear on equipment. Properly designed surge tanks contribute to the overall efficiency and safety of water management systems.