Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) are weapons designed to target and destroy aircraft from the ground. They are launched from fixed or mobile platforms and can engage various aerial threats, including fighter jets and drones. SAMs use guidance systems, such as radar or infrared, to track and hit their targets. These missiles come in different ranges and capabilities, from short-range systems that protect specific areas to long-range systems that can engage targets at great distances. SAMs play a crucial role in modern military defense, helping to secure airspace and protect ground forces and critical infrastructure from aerial attacks.