Surface water hydrology is the study of water that flows on the Earth's surface, including rivers, lakes, and streams. This field examines how water moves, its distribution, and its interaction with the environment. Understanding surface water is crucial for managing water resources, predicting floods, and maintaining ecosystems. Factors like rainfall, evaporation, and human activities influence surface water systems. For instance, dams can alter river flow, while urbanization can increase runoff and reduce water quality. By studying these dynamics, scientists can develop strategies to protect water resources and ensure sustainable use for communities and wildlife.