Surface simplification is a technique used in computer graphics to reduce the complexity of 3D models while preserving their essential shape and features. This process involves decreasing the number of polygons that make up a surface, which helps improve rendering performance and reduces memory usage. By simplifying surfaces, artists and developers can create more efficient models for use in video games, simulations, and virtual reality. This technique is particularly useful for large environments or detailed objects, allowing for faster processing without significantly compromising visual quality.