Superconducting RF cavities are specialized structures used in particle accelerators to accelerate charged particles, such as electrons and protons. They operate at extremely low temperatures, allowing certain materials to exhibit superconductivity, which means they can conduct electricity without resistance. This property enables the cavities to generate strong electromagnetic fields efficiently. These cavities are typically made from materials like niobium and are designed to resonate at specific radio frequencies. When particles pass through the cavities, they gain energy from the oscillating electromagnetic fields, allowing them to reach high speeds. This technology is crucial for advanced research in particle physics and nuclear physics.